The process by which such a sudden structural change occurs,either through an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for a gene or through a change in the physical arrangement of a chromosome.
8.在该所，我参加了基因工程的研究。
In this Institute,I participated in research on genetic engineering.
9.生物伦理学对新的生物学发现和生物医学上的进步的伦理道德上的含义的研究，如在基因工程和药物研究领域的研究
The study of the ethical and moral implications of new biological discoveries and biomedical advances,as in the fields of genetic engineering and drug research.
10.胰岛素制剂含有从动物胰腺提炼出的或通过基因工程制造的此类激素的各种药物制剂，用于药物治疗和控制糖尿病（糖尿病Ｉ型）
Any of various pharmaceutical preparations containing this hormone that are derived from the pancreas of certain animals or produced through genetic engineering and are used in the medical treatment and management of diabetes mellitus(type I).
11.校委会要求校长申斥在树上做细胞基因变化试验的科学家（纽约时代杂志）。
A committee at [ the university ] asked its president to reprimand a scientist who tested gene - altered bacteria on trees (New York Times).
12.转导体基因材料转导后形成的细菌细胞
A bacterial cell into which genetic material has been transduced.
13.致癌基因导致正常细胞转变为癌变细胞的基因，尤其是一种把寄主的细胞变为肿瘤细胞的病毒基因
A gene that causes the transformation of normal cells into cancerous tumor cells,especially a viral gene that transforms a host cell into a tumor cell.
14.我们的基因结构使我们易患某些疾病。
Our genetic make up predisposes us to certain diseases.
15.突变，变种突变发生的过程，是通过基因的脱氧核糖核酸密码的核苷酸顺序的改变或者通过染色体内部的物理重新排列
The process by which such a sudden structural change occurs,either through an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for a gene or through a change in the physical arrangement of a chromosome.
16.转导作用通过噬菌或质料把基因材料或特征从一种病菌细胞转到另一种病菌细胞
Transfer of genetic material or characteristics from one bacterial cell to another by a bacteriophage or plasmid.
17.转导把（基因材料或特征）从一种细菌胞转到另一种细菌上。用于噬菌体或质料
To transfer(genetic material or characteristics)from one bacterial cell to another.Used of a bacteriophage or plasmid.
18.倒易移位的属于或表明一对混血种的，其中一个混血种的父亲与另一个混血种的母亲具有相同的基因型或表现型
Of or designating a pair of crosses in which the male parent in one cross is of the same genotype or phenotype as the female parent in the other cross.
19.单态的在一系列发展变化中只有一种或相同的基因型、形状或结构的
Having one or the same genotype,form,or structure through a series of developmental changes.
20.而性杂种只有二对染色体遗传基因的亲体杂交，每个亲体都是不同等位基因的结合体
The hybrid of parents that differ at only two gene loci,for which each parent is homozygous with different alleles.
21.单因子杂种杂交的双亲只有一个基因位置不同，对它来说，每个亲本是有一个不同的等位基因混合的
The hybrid of parents that differ at only one gene locus,for which each parent is homozygous with a different allele.
22.等位基因，对偶基因在一个特定染色体上占据特定位置的一对或一组基因中的一个
One member of a pair or series of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome.
23.隐性基因的属于、指向或与这种等位基因有关的，即当这种等位基因与主导等位基因同时出现时，它不产生显性后果
Of,relating to,or designating an allele that does not produce a characteristic effect when present with a dominant allele.
24.显性的不管遗传组合等位基因还是异合等位基因都产生相同表现型结果的等位基因的
Of,relating to,or being an allele that produces the same phenotypic effect whether inherited with a homozygous or heterozygous allele.
25.共显性的属于或有关异型结合体中一个基因对的两个等位基因都已完全传递的
Of or relating to two alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote that are both fully expressed.
26.隐性性状的属于或与这种性质特点有关的，即在同型接合情况下，只有当决定性等位基因出现时它才会有所表现的特点性质
Of or relating to a trait that is expressed only when the determining allele is present in the homozygous condition.
27.纯合的在同源染色体上某一特定基因座有相同等位基因的
Having the same alleles at a particular gene locus on homologous chromosomes.
28.杂合的在一个或更多的相应的染色体基因座上有不同的等位基因的
Having different alleles at one or more corresponding chromosomal loci.
29.互补基因的指一组基因共同作用而产生某种特殊表现型的或与之有关的
Of or relating to a group of genes that act in concert to produce a specific phenotype.
30.诱导物诱导的人或事物，尤指在细胞中可以激发产生某种基因的物质
One that induces,especially a substance that is capable of activating specific genes within a cell.
31.杂种基因相异的父母或牲畜所繁衍的后代，尤指不同种类、种群或种族的植物或动物所繁殖的后代
The offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock,especially the offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties,species,or races.
32.外显率（基因）具有特定遗传基因的个体在一定环境下表现其遗传基因的概率
The frequency,under given environmental conditions,with which a specific genotype is expressed by those individuals that possess it.
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